Through the resources of Teachers as Scholars, Defining Justice will strengthen the content knowledge of elementary, middle, and secondary school history teachers and update the existing American history curriculum with recent scholarship. Four defining periods will be analyzed in examining the changing idea of justice from America's founding to the present: the Constitutional Convention; Seneca Falls and beyond/the struggle for female citizenship in 19th and early 20th century America; the issue of race; and social justice/individual liberty in the Progressive Era. Activities include content-based seminars during the school year, summer institutes, establishment of a project website and technology training, research activities, and group readings. Partners include the Brookline, Framingham, Malden, and Cambridge school districts, Brandeis University, Harvard University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Teachers as Scholars, and Education Resources Group.