Founded in 1940, the Society seeks to study, preserve, and promote the history of Charlottesville and Albemarle County, Virginia. The Society's museum collection contains over 1,500 artifacts of historical significance to Charlottesville and Albemarle County. The Society also maintains and operates the Hatton Ferry, one of only two poled ferries still operating in the United States; a small exhibit explores the history of the ferry, and visitors may ride across the river at no charge if water levels permit.

The society offers lectures, tours, exhibits, research library access, and occasional recreational and educational events.